Sigmund Freud - Psychosexual development

Psychosexual Development

[Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development]

1. Oral stage ( 0 to 1.5 years)

• Mouth as erogenous zone
• Oral Receptive

             - No ambivalent feelings

             - Anxiety and frustration comes up during weaning leading to the next sub stage

• Oral sadistic

             - Teeth appear and weaning is facilitated

             - Thumb sucking is used as a defense mechanism

             - Child likes to bite

     2.  Anal stage ( 1.5 to 3 years )

• Anus as erogenous zone
• Characterized by aggressive behavior through excretory function
• Early Anal period

             - Greater aggression than pleasure

             - Frustration experienced by toilet training

• Late Anal period

             - Erotic pleasure through defecation

• 2 Types of Anal stage

             1) Anal Retentive

                   - Children who hold in their defecation

                   - Anal triad ; Orderly, obstinate, stingy

             2) Anal Expulsive

                   - Children who defecate every where

                   - Display cruelty, emotional outbursts, disorganization, self-confidence,

                     (something) artistic ability, generosity, rebelliousness and general carelessness

     3.  Phallic stage ( 3 to 4/5 tears)

• "Anatomy is destiny"
• ~ 3-4 years old
• Genital become the primary erogenous zone
• Mastarbation is nearly universal but it suppressed by parents
• the Oedipus complex is faced at this stage

     4.  Latency stage

• Sexual latency from 4th / 5th year onwards until adolescence (12 years old)
• Sexual energy is directed towards school, friends, hobbies, etc.
• Reinforced by feeling of shame, guilt, and morality

     5.  Genital phase

• Puberty reawakens sexual aim
• In the earlier phase, sexual pleasure in auto erotic; whereas now, it focuses on other people

     6.  Maturity

• Psychologically mature people have strong egos, Oedipus complex is dissolved, conscious is powerful, and sublimation is the primary defense mechanism

[Psychoanalytic Therapy]

• Aim : Uncover repressed memories

             - Libido invested in neuroses or phobias is transferred to more charactive mechanisms

• Transference

             - The strong feelings the patient develops for the analyst

             - Is actually a transferred relationship from one of the patient's parents

• Free Association

             - The patient mentions whatever pops into mind, no matter how irrelevant or repugnant it is

• Dream Analysis

             - Dreams often serve as wish fulfilment, except for repetition compulsion found in PTSD

             - Freud asked the patient for his/her own associations and the various symbol present

             - There is manifest content and latent content : Condensation, Displacement

[Dream Analysis ; case]

• Dream of Nakedness

             - Exhibitionist tendency and freedom from criticism

• Death of a beloved person

             - Oedipus complex if older ; jealousy of younger siblings if younger

• Falling on Exam

             - Reassurance that one can do something

[Parapraxes]

• Freudian Slip